Course Description Contrary to the expectations of some in pre-1989 Europe, nationalism
has become a central feature of the contemporary world. This course ranges
from a general assessment of the main current theories in the field across
disciplines to the identification of the key issues and problems in the
study of nationalism. Although the main focus is on Europe, the consequence
of political upheavals in other continents are broadly taken into account.
Content The unit begins with a discussion exploring the definitions
of nation, ethnicity, nationalism and related concepts.
From the second class onwards, it examines the most important theories
which have developed in the study of nationalist movements from several
disciplinary angles (historical, economic, social, political, cultural).
Special attention is given to modernization, political religion, deconstructionist,
ethno-symbolic and boundary approaches, while focusing on the more classical
primordialism/ instrumentalism controversy.
After considering the relations between race, ethnicity and nationalism,
and between fascism and nationalism, the course concludes with some reflections
on imperialism, globalism, the international dimensions of ethnic conflict
and the future prospects of nationalism.
Further enquiries should be addressed to Dr.Daniele Conversi
(preferred e-mail address: conversi
[at] easynet.co.uk, web-page URL: http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/conversi/)
CONNOR, Walker 1994 Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding.
Princeton: Princeton University Press
CONVERSI, DANIELE 1995 'Reassessing theories of nationalism. Nationalism
as boundary maintenance and creation', Nationalism
and Ethnic Politics, vol. 1, nº 1, pp. 73-85
Using the Internet Students are strongly encouraged to make good use of the internet.
The Internet increasingly provides a wide variety of information which
is relevant to the topics covered in this unit. However, students should
be aware of the weaknesses, as well as the strengths, of much of the information
available. Therefore, any use of Internet sources should be supplement
by the reading of 'traditional' sources.
Since a few years, The
Nationalism Project provides the richest resource on nationalism studies
and theories of nationalism available on the internet. This is the most
accessible, complete and well-referenced on-line data bank on the subject.
Other sites that might provide useful starting points are:
Eurominority,
for "the diffusion of information on European minorities and more largely
native peoples, ethnic groups and areas with strong identity"
The Observer Worldview's special reports : Unseen
Wars.
It is worth paying attention to current events through radio, television,
newspapers and weekly magazines. The library also holds certain newspapers
on CD-ROMs which provide another valuable source of information.
CONVERSI, Daniele 2005 ''Ethnic conflicts', in Don MacIver (ed.) Political
Issues in the World Today, Manchester: Manchester University Press
CONNOR, Walker 1994 Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, Ch. 4: 'Terminological chaos', pp.
89-117
FENTON, Steve 2003 Ethnicity.
Cambridge: Polity Press
FENTON, Steve and Stephen MAY 2002 'Ethnicity, Nation and ëRaceí: Connections
and Disjunctures', Ethnonational
Identities. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1-20
HECHTER Michael and Dina Okamoto, 'Political consequences of minority group
formation', Annual
Reviews of Political Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 189-215, 2001
SCHMITT-EGNER, Peter. 'The Concept of 'Region': Theoretical and Methodological
Notes on its Reconstruction', Journal of European Integration, Volume 24,
Number 3/2002
CONVERSI, Daniele 'Reassessing theories of nationalism. Nationalism
as boundary maintenance and creation', Nationalism
and Ethnic Politics, vol. 1, nº 1, Spring 1995, pp. 73-85. [ISSN
1353-7113]
GUIBERNAU, Montserrat. 1999 Nations without States. Political Communities
in a Global Age. Cambridge: Polity Press
KAUFMANN, Eric 2008 'Ethnic
and Nationalist Mobilization', in Jean Tournon and Adrian Guelke (eds.),
Ethnic Groups and Politics: Recent Analytical Developments (Berlin: VS-Verlag,
forthcoming, 2008)
JAFFRELOT, Christophe 2005 'Types and Theories. For a theory of nationalism',
in Dieckhoff, Alain and Christophe Jaffrelot (eds) Revisiting
Nationalism. Theories and Processes. London: Hurst
WEBER, Eugene 1973 Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural
France, 1870-1914. London: Chatto & Windus
Nationalism, War, and State-making
ALTINAY, Ayse Gul 2006 The Myth of the Military-Nation: Militarism, Gender,
and Education in Turkey. London: Palgrave Macmillan
BARTROP, Paul 2002 'The relationship between war and genocide in the twentieth
century: a consideration', Journal of Genocide Research, Volume 4, Number
4, December 2002, pp. 519 ? 532
BREUILLY, John 1993 Nationalism and the State. Manchester: Manchester
UP/ NY: St. Martin's Press [1st ed. 1982] , pp. 1-16 (Introduction) and
366-402 (Conclusion)
CONVERSI, Daniele 2008 ''We are all equals!' Militarism, homogenization
and 'egalitarianism' in nationalist state-building (1789-1945)', Ethnic
and Racial Studies, vol. 31, no 4, pp. 1-31
*CONNOR, Walker 'Nation-building or nation-destroying?',
World
Politics, XXIV, 1972, pp. 319-355 in Ethnonationalism, 1994,
Ch. 2: 'American scholarship in the post-world war era', pp. 28-66)
FOUCAULT, Michel 1979 Discipline
and Punish. The Birth of Prison. Vintage Books [Transl. by Alan Sheridan.
Originally published as Surveiller et Punir: Naissance de la prison. Paris:
Editions Gaillimard, 1975]
GURR, Ted Robert 1993 Minorities at Risk. A Global View of Ethnopolitical
Conflicts. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press,
in particular pp. 123-138 (ch. 5) and 314-324 (ch. 11)
LYNN, John A. 1996. The Bayonets of the Republic: Motivation and Tactics
in the Army of Revolutionary France, 1791?94. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
TILLY, Charles 1985 'War making and state making as organized crime', in
Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Skocpol (eds) Bringing
the State Back in. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
WINTER, Jay 2003 'Under the Cover of War: The Armenia Genocide in the Context
of Total War,' in Robert Gellately and Ben Kiernan (eds) The Specter of
Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. Cambridge /New York: Cambridge
University Press
VAN den BERGHE, Pierre 1992 'The modern state: nation builder or nation
killer?', International Journal of Group Tensions, vol. 22, nº 3,
pp. 191-208 (also for next class)
VAN den BERGHE, Pierre (ed.) 1990 State, Violence and Ethnicity.
Niwot, Colo.: University Press of Colorado
Industrialization, Mass Education and Homogenization
CONVERSI, Daniele 2007 'Homogenisation, nationalism and war: Should
we still read Ernest Gellner?',
Nations
and Nationalism, Vol. 13, no. 3, 2007, pp. 371-394
GELLNER, ERNEST 1983 Nations and nationalism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell (the
entire book, esp. pp. 8-11 and 53-62)
O'LEARY, BRENDAN 2004 'Federations and The Management of Nations: Agreements
and Arguments with Walker Connor and Ernest Gellner', n Daniele Conversi
(ed.) Ethnonationalism
in the Contemporary World. London/ New York: Routledge
TAMBINI, DAMIAN 1996 'Explaining monoculturalism: Beyond Gellner's theory
of nationalism', Critical Review, vol. 10, nº 2, pp. 251-70
Economy: Are economic factors relevant to explain ethnic conflicts?
CONNOR, Walker 1994 'Eco- or ethno-nationalism?', (in Ethnonationalism:
The Quest for Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press, Ch.
6, pp. 144-164)
ESMAN, Milton J. 1986 'Ethnic Politics and Economic Power', Comparative
Politics, Volume 19, Number 1, October 1986, pp. 395-417
HECHTER, Michael 1975 Internal Colonialism: The British Isles and the Celtic
Fringe, 1536-1966. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul,
PAGANO, Ugo 1995 'Can Economics Explain Nationalism?' in A. Breton, G.
Galeotti, P. Salmon and R. Wintrobe (eds.) Nationalism and Rationality.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
ROGOWSKI, Ronald 1985 'Causes and varieties of nationalism: a rationalist
account'. In E. Tiryakian and R. Rogowski (eds) 1985 New Nationalisms of
the Developed West, Boston: Allen & Unwin, 87-108
BRASS, Paul 1991 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison. New
Delhi/ Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications (ch. 1: 'Ethnic groups and
ethnic identity formation', pp. 18-40)
GAGNON Valerie P., Jr. 1994 'Ethnic nationalism and international conflict:
The case of Serbia', 'International Security', Winter, vol. 19, no. 3,
pp. 130-166
HOBSBAWM, Eric J. and Terence RANGER (eds) 1983 The Invention of Tradition.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (both 'Introduction: Inventing traditions'
and 'Mass producing traditions: Europe, 1870-1914')
YOUNG, Crawford 1976 The Politics Of Cultural Pluralism. Madison: University
of Wisconsin Press, pp. 460-504 [also 'The colonial construction of African
nations', in Hutchinson and Smith's Nationalism: A Reader], pp. 225-31
Looking at the past: Myths, memories, symbols and ethno-symbolism
ARMSTRONG, JOHN A. 1983 Nations before Nationalism. Chapel Hill: University
of North Carolina Press, chs 1, and 7-9
CONVERSI, DANIELE 1995
'Reassessing theories of nationalism. Nationalism as boundary maintenance
and creation', Nationalism and Ethnic Politics,
vol. 1, nº 1, Spring 1995, pp. 73-85 [Reprinted in John Agnew (ed.)
Political
Geography: A Reader. London/ New York: Edward Arnold, 1997, pp. 325-36;
and Cross, Malcolm (ed.) 2000 The Sociology of Race and Ethnicity. Cheltenham,
Glos: Edward Elgar, 3 vols. (International Library of Critical Writings
in Sociology), pp. 227(13)- 240(20)] -- You can download
the article.
SMITH, Anthony D. 1991 National
Identity. Harmondsworth: Penguin/. Reno: University of Nevada Press
(ch. 2: 'The ethnic basis of national identity'; and ch. 3 'The rise of
nations')
SMITH, Anthony D. 1996 Nationalism in a Global Era. Cambridge: Polity Press
SMITH,
Anthony D. 1999 'Ethno-symbolism and the Study of Nationalism', in Myths
and Memories of the Nation. Oxford: Oxford University Press
SMITH, Anthony D. 2000 The Nation in History. Cambridge: Polity Press
Boundaries and Geopolitics: The Geography of Nationalism,Territory,
Land and Soil
AGNEW, John A. 2002 Making Political Geography (Human Geography in the
Making). Hodder Arnold
BARTH, Frederick (ed.) 1969 Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. The Social Organization
of Culture Difference. London: Allen & Unwin (Introduction, pp 9-38)
BROCK, Lothar 1999 'Observing Change, 'Rewriting' Histroy: A Critical Overview',
Millennium,
28:3,
1999, pp. 483-497
CONVERSI, DANIELE 1999 'Nationalism, boundaries and violence', Millennium(special
issue on ìTerritorialities, Identities and Movement in International Relationsî),
vol. 28, n. 3, 1999, pp. 553-584
CONVERSI, DANIELE 1995 'Reassessing theories of nationalism. Nationalism
as boundary maintenance and creation', Nationalism
and Ethnic Politics, vol. 1, nº 1, pp. 73-85 [Reprinted
in John Agnew (ed.) Political
Geography: A Reader. London/ New York: Edward Arnold, 1997]
GRAHAM, Brian 1998 Modern Europe: Place, Culture and Identity. Hodder Arnold
KAISER, Robert J 2004 'Homeland making and the territorialization of national
identity', in Daniele Conversi (ed.) Ethnonationalism
in the Contemporary World. London/ New York: Routledge
JONES, Martin 2004 An Introduction to Political Geography: Space, Place
and Politics. London: Routledge
NEVINS, Joseph, Mike Davis. Operation Gatekeeper: The Rise of the 'Illegal
Alien' and the Remaking of the U.S.-Mexico Boundary. London: Routledge
PAASI, Anssi 2002 'Bounded spaces in the mobile world: Deconstructing 'regional
identity'', Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Volume 93
Issue 2, pp. 137-148, May 2002
SHIELDS, Rob. 2006 'Boundary-Thinking in Theories of the Present: The Virtuality
of Reflexive Modernization', European
Journal of Social Theory, May 1 2006, Volume 9, No. 2, pp. 223-237
TRONVOLL, Kjetil. 'Borders of violence - boundaries of identity: demarcating
the Eritrean nation-state ', Ethnic and Racial Studies , Volume
22, Number 6/November 1, 1999, pp. 1037 - 1060
________ 'The influence of culture on political choices: Language
maintenance and its implications for the Basque and Catalan nationalist
movements', History
of European Ideas, vol. 16, no. 1-3, 1993, pp. 189-200
CORMACK, Mike 2000 'Minority languages, nationalism and broadcasting: the
British and Irish examples', Nations
and Nationalism, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 383-398
EDWARDS, John 2004 'Contextualizing language rights', Journal of Human
Rights, Vol 2, no. 4, pp. 551 -- 571
CONVERSI, DANIELE 1997 'Nationalism and immigration', in The
Basques, the Catalans, and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist
Mobilization. London: Hurst (ch. 8)
CHURCHILL, Winston, 'The Churchill you didn't know', The
Guardian, Thursday November 28, 2002
POLIAKOV, Leon 1974 The Aryan Myth, New York: Basic Books
SIVANANDAN, A. 2001 'Poverty is the new Black', Race
& Class, Volume 43, no. 2 , October 2001.
STONE, John, 2004 'Ethnonationalism in black and white: Scholars and the
South African revolution', in Daniele Conversi (ed.) Ethnonationalism
in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism.
London/ New York: Routledge
Fascism, Totalitarianism, and Nationalism
ARENDT, Hannah 1968 The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt
Brace [1st ed., 1951]
CONVERSI,
Daniele 2008 'Democracy, nationalism and culture. The limits of liberal
mono-culturalism', Sociology
Compass, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2008, pp. 156-182
EDWARDS, John 2004 'Sovereignty or separation? Contemporary political discourse
in Canada', in Daniele Conversi (ed.) Ethnonationalism
in the Contemporary World. London/ New York: Routledge
KOHN, Hans 1945 The Idea of Nationalism; A Study in its Origins
and Background. New York: Macmillan [1st ed., 1944]
SHAIN, Barry 1994 The Myth of American Individualism. The Protestant Origins
of American Political Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press (ch.
1: Introduction, pp. 3-18 and 48-55)
YACK, BERNARD 1996 'The myth of the civic nation', Critical Review,
vol. 10, nº 2, pp. 193-ff
VAN DER BERGHE, PIERRE 1996 'Denationalizing the state', Society,
January/February, pp. 64-ff
WIMMER, Andreas 2002 Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows
of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
WIMMER, Andreas 2006 'Ethnic Exclusion in Nationalizing States', in Gerard
Delanty and Krishan Kumar (eds) Handbook
of Nations and Nationalism. London: Sage Publications, pp. 334-344
Empire and Nation
CONVERSI, Daniele 2004 'Resisting Primordialism (and other -isms)', in
Daniele Conversi (ed.) Ethnonationalism
in the Contemporary World: . London/ New York: Routledge, 2004 -
MADLEY, Benjamin (2004) 'Patterns of Frontier Genocide, 1803-1910: the
Aboriginal Tasmanians, the Yuki of California, and the Herero of Namibia',
Journal of Genocide Research, 6 (2), pp. 167?92.
MATOSSIAN, Mary 'Ideologies of delayed development', in Hutchinson and
Smith's Nationalism Reader, 1994
MOSES, A. Dirk (ed.) 2008 Empire, Colony, Genocide. Conquest, Occupation,
and Subaltern Resistance in World History. Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books
NANDY, Ashis 1983 The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism.
Oxford: Oxford UP.
PHILLIPSON, ROBERT 1992 Linguistic
Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press (ch. 3: 'Linguistic imperialism:
theoretical foundations')
SAID, Edward. 1995. Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient. London:
Penguin
Assimilation and cultural homogenization
BJØRNLUND, Matthias 2008 'The 1914 cleansing of Aegean Greeks as
a case of violent Turkification', Journal
of Genocide Research, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 41 - 58
CONVERSI, Daniele 2008 ''We are all equals!' Militarism, homogenization
and 'egalitarianism' in nationalist state-building (1789-1945)', Ethnic
and Racial Studies, vol. 31, no 2, 2008
CONVERSI, Daniele 2008 'Democracy, nationalism and culture. The limits
of liberal mono-culturalism',
Sociology
Compass, January
2008, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1-27
CONVERSI, Daniele 'Homogenisation, nationalism and war:
Should we still read Ernest Gellner?',
Nations
and Nationalism, Vol. 13, no. 3, 2007 , pp. 371-39
CARMICHAEL, Cathie. 2005 'The Violent Destruction of Community during the
"Century of Genocide"', European
History Quarterly, no. 3., vol. 35, 2005, pp. 395-403
CONVERSI, Daniele 'Demo-skepticism and genocide', Political
Science Review, Vol 4, issue 3, September 2006, pp. 247-262
CONVERSI, Daniele 'Genocide, ethnic cleansing, and nationalism',
in Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar (eds) Handbook
of Nations and Nationalism. London: Sage Publications, 2006 (vol. 1)
pp. 319-333, [ISBN: 1412901014] [DOWNLOAD]
GHOBARAH, Hazem Adam, Paul HUTH and Bruce RUSSETT, 'Civil Wars Kill and
Maim People - Long After the Shooting Stops', American
Political Science Review, Vol. 97, No. 2 May 2003, pp. 189-202
HUTTENBACH, Henry, 1991 'The Romani Porajmos: The Nazi Genocide of Europe's
Gypsies,' Nationalities
Papers, vol. 19, pp. 373-394
SCHALLER, Dominik J. and ZIMMERER, Jürgen (2008) 'Late Ottoman genocides:
the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and
extermination policies - introduction', Journal
of Genocide Research, 10:1, 7-14
ÜNGOR, Ugur Umit 2008 'Seeing like a nation-state: Young Turk social
engineering in Eastern Turkey, 1913-50', Journal
of Genocide Research, 10:1, pp. 15 ? 39.
Environmental destruction, Developmentalism and Sate-making
BARSH, Russel Lawrence 1990 'Ecocide, Nutrition, and the "Vanishing Indian"',
in Pierre L. van den Berghe (ed.), State Violence and Ethnicity. Boulder,
Col.: University Press of Colorado, pp. 221-251
BUSHNELL, O. A. 1993 The Gifts of Civilization: Germs and Genocide in Hawai'i.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
CROSBY, Alfred W. 1986 Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion
of Europe, 900-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
CONVERSI, Daniele 'Genocide, ethnic cleansing, and nationalism',
in Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar (eds) Handbook
of Nations and Nationalism. London: Sage Publications, 2006 (vol. 1)
pp. 319-333, [ISBN: 1412901014] [DOWNLOAD]
LEVENE, Mark 2004 'A dissenting voice; or how current assumptions of deterring
and preventing genocide may be looking at the problem through the wrong
end of the telescope,' Journal of Genocide Research, Part 1 6: 2 (2004),153-166;
Part 2 6:3 (2004) 431-445.
RUBENSTEIN, Richard L. 1983 The Age of Triage: Fear and Hope in an Over-Crowded
World. Boston: Beacon
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in Francoís dictatorship, Social History, vol. 29.3, 2004, pp. 342-357.
Globalization, nationalism and war
ANDERSON, Benedict 1992 Long-Distance Nationalism: World Capitalism and
the Rise of Identity Politics. Berkeley, CA: Center for German and European
Studies, University of California
BARBER, BENJAMIN R. 1996 Jihad
vs. McWorld. New York: Ballantine Books (Introduction; ch. 11: 'Jihad
within McWorld').
RITZER, George. 'September 11, 2001: Mass murder and its roots in the symbolism
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2002
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(Introduction and ch. 2).
Cosmopolitanism and nationalism
CONVERSI, Daniele 2000 'Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism',
in Anthony D Smith and Athena Leoussi (eds) Encyclopaedia of Nationalism
. Oxford: Transaction Books, pp. 34-39 [ISBN: 0765800020]
Learning outcomes On completion of this unit, the student will be able to:
- demonstrate an understanding of the factors which are important in
the rise of ethnic conflict and nationalism.
- understand key notions on the roots of ethnic and national conflicts,
hence, on their possible resolution.
- develope an awareness of the key players and the main issues in the
process
- distinguish the basic concepts used in the academia and the media,
as well as in daily practice.
- apply theoretical models on the rise of nationalism and ethnic conflict
to relevant areas and case studies
Organisation Lectures: One lecture to be held once a week. The lectures
will introduce the basic concepts and theories of the literature, relevant
to understanding the rise, persistence and varieties of ethnic conflict
in our new century. Each lecture will be dedicated to one particular issue
or problem raised by the scholarly study on the emergence and persistence
of nationalism. Each lecture is to be followed by a Seminar, except for
the first, third and last weeks.
Seminars: See separate document.
Assessment This course is graded on the basis of one long essay or research paper
of roughly 2,500 words (100 per cent). The essay should be based on one
or more lectures
and on selected topics from the reading list. A list
of questions is supplied separately .
It is possible to submit the essay as an attachment, but an hard copy
should be handed in by the established date.
READING
LIST
= downloadable artcles
