Armour

The majority of soldiers wore very light armour - simply a thick buff leather coat or tunic. This was capable of protecting the wearer from some sword thrusts, although it had little effect against a musket ball or cannon shot.

For those who were equipped a little better, mainly the pikemen since they were required to engage the enemy closely, steel helmets would be worn, as would back and breast plates. These helmets or "pots", were a slightly angular round helmet with a straight ridge around the edge, which would be level with the center of the ear. "Back" and "breast" came in many designs, but were basically metal plates shaped to fit the torso, fastening together on either side.

Cavalry tended to have a little extra in the way of leg protection, and sometimes thigh protection. The danger of sword thrusts to the leg is greater for a cavalry trooper, so thick leather boots and thigh covers were often worn.

Cuirassier armour & equipment taken from 'Militarie Instructions' by
Cruso. A few heavy cavalry regiments wore full articulated plate armour, with lobster-tail helmets and nose guards that covered them from head to toe. This was very expensive, and extremely hot in the summer, but afforded excellent protection. Sir Arthur Haselrigg survived three point-blank pistol shots and several sword thrusts at the battle of Roundway Down , causing Charles I to joke:

"[had he] been victualled as well as fortified he might have endured a siege."

Still, the majority of soldiers disliked heavy armour. It was particularly uncomfortable during long marches, or in the summer months.