The Westminster Confession of Faith

CHAPTER 5
Of Providence.

I. God, the great Creator of all things, doth uphold,^a direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions, and things,^b from the greatest even to the least,^c by his most wise and holy providence,^d according to his infallible foreknowledge,^e and the free and immutable counsel of his own will,^f to the praise of the glory of his wisdom, power, justice, goodness, and mercy.^g

^a Heb. 1:3.
^b Dan. 4:34,35; Ps. 135:6; Acts 17:25,26,28; Job chap. 38 to 41.
^c Matt. 10:29-31.
^d Prov. 15:3; Ps. 104:24; Ps. 145:17.
^e Acts 15:18; Ps. 94:8-11.
^f Eph. 1:11; Ps. 33:10,11.
^g Isa. 63:14; Eph. 3:10; Rom. 9:17; Gen. 45:7; Ps. 145:7.

II. Although, in relation to the foreknowledge and decree of God, the first cause, all things come to pass immutably and infallibly:^h yet, by the same providence, he ordereth them to fall out, according to the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or contingently.ⁱ

^h Acts 2:23.
ⁱ Gen. 8:22; Jer. 31:35; Exod. 21:13 with Deut. 19:5; 1 Kings 22:28,34; Isa. 10:6,7.

III. God in his ordinary providence maketh use of means,^k yet is free to work without,^l above,^m and against them,ⁿ at his pleasure.

^k Acts 27:31,44; Isa. 55:10,11; Hos. 2:21,22.
^l Hos. 1:7; Matt. 4:4; Job 34:20.
^m Rom. 4:19-21.
ⁿ 2 Kings 6:6; Dan. 3:27.

IV. The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infinite goodness of God, so far manifest themselves in his providence, that it extendeth itself even to the first fall, and all other sins of angels and men,^o and that not by a bare permission,^p but such as hath joined with it a most wise and powerful bounding,^q and otherwise ordering and governing of them, in a manifold dispensation, to his own holy ends;^r yet so as the sinfulness thereof proceedeth only from the creature, and not from God; who, being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the author or approver of sin.^s

^o Rom. 11:32-34; 2 Sam. 24:1 with 1 Chron. 21:1; 1 Kings 22:22 ,23; 1 Chron. 10:4,13,14; 2 Sam. 16:10; Acts 2:23; Acts 4:27,28.
^p Acts 14:16.
^q Ps. 76:10; 2 Kings 19:28.
^r Gen. 50:20; Isa. 10:6,7,12.
^s James 1:13,14,17; 1 John 2:16; Ps. 50:21.

V. The most wise, righteous, and gracious God, doth oftentimes leave for a season his own children to manifold temptations, and the corruption of their own hearts, to chastise them for their former sins, or to discover unto them the hidden strength of corruption, and deceitfulness of their hearts, that they may be humbled;^t and to raise them to a more close and constant dependence for their support upon himself, and to make them more watchful against all future occasions of sin, and for sundry other just and holy ends.^u

^t 2 Chron. 32:25,26,31; 2 Sam. 24:1.
^u 2 Cor. 12:7-9; Ps. 73 throughout; Ps. 77:1-12; Mark 14:66 to the end, with John 21:15-17.

VI. As for those wicked and ungodly men, whom God as a righteous judge, for former sins, doth blind and harden,^w from them he not only withholdeth his grace, whereby they might have been enlightened in their understandings, and wrought upon in their hearts;^x but sometimes also withdraweth the gifts which they had,^y and exposeth them to such objects as their corruption makes occasions of sin;^z and, withal, gives them over to their own lusts, the temptations of the world, and the power of Satan:^a whereby it comes to pass that they harden themselves, even under those means which God useth for the softening of others.^b

^w Rom. 1:24 ,26,28; Rom. 11:7,8.
^x Deut. 29:4.
^y Matt. 13:12; Matt. 25:29.
^z Deut. 2:30; 2 Kings 8:12,13.
^a Ps. 81:11,12; 2 Thess. 2:10-12.
^b Exod. 7:3 with Exod. 8:15,32; 2 Cor. 2:15,16; Isa. 8:14; 1 Pet. 2:7,8; Isa. 6:9,10 with Acts 28:26,27.

VII. As the providence of God doth, in general, reach to all creatures; so, after a most special manner, it taketh care of his church, and disposeth all things to the good thereof.^c

^c 1 Tim. 4:10; Amos 9:8,9; Rom. 8:28; Isa. 43:3-5,14.